The development of Chinese hydraulic technology
The development of Chinese hydraulic technology
The hydraulic technology of our country is developed with the establishment and development of new China. From 1952, Shanghai Machine Tool Factory tried to produce our Taiwan hydraulic components (gear pump). So far, it has roughly experienced several development stages such as entrepreneurial Mobase, system establishment, growth development, introduction and improvement. In the early 1950s, there was no special hydraulic component factory in China.
The hydraulic workshops of machine tool factories in Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changsha and other places produced and used by themselves the radial piston pump, blade pump, hydraulic control plate for combined machine tools, grinder control box and hydraulic planer, high pressure piston pump for hydraulic press. During this period of hydraulic products for the pipe connection, poor structure, performance is basically the level of the 1940s. In 1959, Tianjin hydraulic Parts Factory, a specialized hydraulic components manufacturing enterprise, was established in China.In the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology was spread from machine tool industry to agricultural machinery and engineering machinery, in order to solve the problems of the monotony of the varieties, the heavy structure and the backward performance of Soviet imitation products, and to meet the growing needs of host industry, our hydraulic industry from imitation began to develop and design the road. In the early 60's, the unified planning organization and technical development of our hydraulic component industry were managed by Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, Jinan Casting and Forging Machinery Research Institute, Guangzhou Machine Tool Research Institute and Dalian Combined Machine Tool Research Institute respectively.In 1965, in order to adapt to the development of hydraulic machinery from low pressure to high pressure direction, Yuci hydraulic parts Factory was established, and the introduction of Japan Oil Research Company nominal pressure 21MPa series of medium and high pressure hydraulic valves and all the manufacturing processing and testing equipment. At the same time the introductionof 300,000 dollars of hydraulic components of foreign prototype, mapping and imitation organization. From 1966 to 1968, mainly in Guangzhou Machine Tool Research Institute, now Guangzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Science, the joint developmentand design of the nominal pressure of 2.5MP and 6.3MP, including direction, pressure, flow in three categories of hydraulic valves, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, a total of 187 varieties, more than 1000 specifications, and put into production in batches. In 1966, Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute successfully developed nozzle baffle type electrohydraulic servo valve and used in EDM machine tools. In 1967, Ji 'nan Institute of Casting and Forging Machinery completed the series design of 32MPa CY14-1 axial piston pump. In 1968, on the basis of the nominal pressure 21MP hydraulic valve series, related research institutes and enterprises designed a relatively complete set of high pressure hydraulic valve series drawings with nominal pressure 31.5MP A, which were successively put into production in related hydraulic component manufacturers and widely used in various industries.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the development of production mechanization, especially in the second automobile factoryand other host enterprises to provide automation equipment, hydraulic components manufacturing industry appeared a rapid development situation, a number of small and mediumsized enterprises have become professional hydraulic parts manufacturers. In 1968 the annual output of hydraulic components was approaching 200 000. So far has basically formed an independent hydraulic component manufacturing industry system.
In 1973, related scientific research institutions, universities, hydraulic valve manufacturers and more than 10 units participated in the formation of hydraulic valve joint design group, on the basis of the analysis and comparison of domestic and foreign similar hydraulic valve products design, structure, performance, technological characteristics and domestic hydraulic valve production status, completed the design of our nominal pressure 32MPe high pressure valve new series drawings. This series of drawings absorb the advantages of domestic and foreign products, a total of more than 100 varieties, more than 3000 specifications, especially the installation and connec tion size and the corresponding standards have been unified. In 1978, it passed the examination of the whole series of drawings, the trial production, test and appraisal of the prototype, and promoted the national production. During 1970s, Guangzhou Machine Tool Research Institute successfully developed electrohydraulic proportional reliefvalve and electro-hydraulic proportional flow valve, and cooperated with Shanghai Hydraulic Parts **** Factory to develop the flying series hydraulic integrated block (1973). Dalian Modular Machine Tool Research Institute began to stack valve research (1974); QDY2 electro-hydraulic co-operating lake and DYM electro hydraulic pulse motor (1975): Jinan Casting and Forging
Machinery Research Institute successfully developed cartridge valve and hydraulic system (1977). At the same time, cycloidal rotor pump and leather case accumulator and other hydraulic products have been successfully developed. We can say that the whole 70's is one of the periods when our hydraulic components are developed much. In the 1980s, under the guidance of the national reform and opening up policy, with the development of the machinery industry, the contradiction of basic parts lagging behind the main engine has become increasingly prominent, and caused the attention of all relevant departments. For this reason, the former First Machinery Department established General Basic Parts in 1982. The hydraulic specialized factories, which were scattered in machine tool, agricultural machinery, construction machinery and other industries, were unified under the management of General Basic Parts Bureau, so that the industry could get the guidance and support of the Basic Parts Bureau inplanning, investment, introduction of technology and scientific research and development. Since then, the company has entered a period of rapid development, and has introduced more than 40 pieces of advanced hydraulic technology including Beijing.
Hydraulic Company introduced axial piston pump and motor, high pressure hydraulic valve from the original REXROTHO company, Yuci hydraulic parts factory introduced hydraulic valve from the United States (CKERS) company, The ultra-high pressure hydraulic pumps and valves introduced by Dezhou Hydraulic Machinery and Tools Factory from PAG company in West Germany). After digestion, absorption and technical transformation, they have been mass produced and become the leading products in the industry. In recent years, the industry has intensified the technological transformation, and from 1991 to 1998, the national, local and enterprise self-raised funds have invested about 1.6 billion yuan. Through technological transformation and breakthroughs, a number of major enterprises have further enhanced their technical level and greatly improved their technologicalequipment, laying a good foundation for the formation of a high-starting point, specialized and mass production. In recent years, under the guidance of the state's policy of common development under different ownships, small and medium-sized enterprises under different ownships have risen rapidly and shown great vitality. With the further opening up of the country, the two enterprises have developed rapidly, playing an important role in improving the level of the industry and expanding exports. At present, China and the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries have established joint ventures or foreign sole proprietorship by the plunger pump/motor, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission device, hydraulic parts casting, rubber and plastic seal and other products production enterprises more than 50, the introduction of foreign investment of more than 200 million dollars. At the same time, Guangzhou Machine Tool Research Institute developed the electro-hydraulic proportional composite valve in 1980), electro-hydraulic digital valve in 1985) and series of medium and high pressure valves (1989). In the same period, Dalian Institute of Modular Machine Tool also developed the stack valve series, low power solenoid valve, CAM rotor pump, low noise vane pump, and the new principle electrohydraulic proportional valve and electro-hydraulic integrated block.
According to the statistics of the third industrial census in 1995, there are about 700 stateowned, village run, private, cooperative, individual and "three capital" enterprises with annual sales revenue of more than 1 million yuan in the hydraulic industry in China, forming a diversified pattern of domestic self-development, technology manufacturing, joint venture production, imitation and digesting. Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technical transformation, the technical level of a large number of products such as high pressure piston pump, gear pump, blade pump, universal hydraulic valve, hydraulic cylinder has been significantly improved, and can be stable batch production, for all kinds of host to improve the product levelprovides a guarantee. In addition, some achievements have been made in CAD, pollution control and proportional service technology of hydraulic components and systems, which have been used in production. At present, there are 1200 varieties and more than 10,000 specifications of hydraulic products (including 60 varieties and 500 specifications of hydraulic products), which can basically meet the general needs of all kinds of host products. The matching rate of major complete sets of equipment can also reach more than 60%, and begin to export less Li. According to the same industry statistics in 1996, the total output value of Chinese hydraulic industry is 2.348 billion yuan, ranking 6th. In 1998, the number of domestic hydraulic parts was 4.8 million, and the sales volume was about 2.8 billion yuan (70% of which was mechanical reduction system). The production and sales rate of liquid music products was 97.5%. Fully reflect 7 vertical pin basic street connection.
According to statistics, the total industrial output value of hydraulic industry in 2004 reached about 10.3 billion yuan, breaking through 10 billion yuan, the highest level in history. At present, China's hydraulic components manufacturing industry can include metal materials engineering, machine tooland automobile industry, electric power and coal industry, oil and gas exploration and mining and chemical equipment, mining and metallurgical machinery, railway and highway transportation, building materials construction, engineering machinery and agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry machinery, household appliances hardware, light industry textile, aviation and river and sea engineering, quality measurement and special equipment, national defense and weapons equipment, public Common
facilities and environmental protection and other industries including a variety of departments to provide more complete hydraulic components products. The Chinese Hydraulic Pneumatic seal Industry Association was established in 1990, and it plays an important role in developing the hydraulic, pneumatic and seal industry of our country. At the same time of scientific research and production development, the standardization of Chinese hydraulic industry has also developed greatly. By the end of May 2004, there are 145 domestic hydraulic and pneumatic standards, 79 national standards, 66 industrial standards). Most of these standards are consistent with the similar standards promulgated by the Standardization Organization S0), which provides favorable conditions for improving the standardization, serialization and generalization of hydraulic components, organizing specialized production, improving the performance of products, developing new varieties and interchangeability, and technical exchanges and export trade of electromechanical products matching. It should be pointed out that although our hydraulic industry has made great progress, but compared with the main engine development demand and level, there are still many gaps, mainly reflected in :0 product varieties less (such as about 1/6 of the United States, 1/5 of Germany), low level, unstable quality, high early failure rate, poor reliability [such as the working pressure of gear pump, Generally 14MPa at home, 2128MPa abroad in the plug pump life of domestic for 5000h, less than foreign 1/2, noise than foreign 5~10dB], hydraulic valve life for foreign 1/2, especially electromechanical integration components and systems, has not been widely used in China. @ Low degree of specialization, small scale and poor economic benefits (for example, in 2000, there were 135 hydraulic parts factories in China producing 51,600 pieces per factory, with an annual output of more than 300,000 pieces only 5, and an output value of more than 200 million yuan only 3, while German Rexroxel Company produced 1.3 million pieces of various hydraulic products annually. Pike's 1999 sales were $4.6 billion).
Research and development capacity is still weak, and technological progress is slow (for example, although domestic enterprises are allowed to withdraw 1% of their sales for scientific research and development, many enterprises cannot afford to pay, while major multinational corporations spend 5% or even 10% of their sales on scientific and technological development). The product of this industry has not yet opened the market. Hydraulic pneumatic products market capacity is very large, but the export of our country just started, and there is a great margin for development. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to the development of hydraulic industry. Taking the "China Product Catalog 2000" jointly organized by and other relevant ministries and bureaus as an example, There are high pressure hydraulic piston pump/motor, high pressure hydraulic valve high pressure integral multiway valve, medium and high pressure variable vane pump, medium and high pressure gear pump and other hydraulic products listed in the "optoelectromechanical integration" field of "high performance mechanical and electrical infrastructure" category. It can be believed that along with the strengthening of the comprehensive national strength, the progress of science and technology and the adjustment of the industrial and product structure, the hydraulic technology of our country will be greatly developed.