Hydraulic Industry Cyclical Regional and Industry Competition Pattern Development Trend
Industry Periodicity and Region
(1) The cyclical nature of the industry
The manufacturing industry of hydraulic power machinery and components manufacturing industry is greatly affected by the macroeconomic boom cycle, so it basically presents the cyclical market performance related to the trend of the national economy.
Hydraulic products, as the accessories of downstream main engine, are widely used in construction machinery and engineering vehicles, aerospace, metallurgy, agricultural machinery, automobiles, machine tools and other industries. The development trend of downstream industry has a high consistency, and the development of downstream industry and the national macro economic situation and industrial structure adjustment has obvious synchronous effect, so the hydraulic industry has a certain cyclical.
The downstream cons truction machinery industry is greatly affected by the scale of infrastructure investment and related industry policies. Under the joint promotion of the "One Belt One Road" plan and the rural revitalization plan, the infrastructure equipment willmaintain a high prosperity for a long time, and the demand for support ing hydraulic parts will also maintain a rapid growth state. The periodicity of the comprehensive mining equipment industry is synchronized with that of the downstream coal mining industry, which is mainly affected by the relevant national policies and also has a certain periodicity.
(2) The region of the industry
As the basic supporting industry of the mechanical industry, the regional distribution of hydraulic enterprises tends to be consistent with the host enterprises or end customers, so as to obtain the advantage of being close to the market and reflect a certain regionalism. In terms of the international scope, the United States, China, Germany, Japan and other large machinery manufacturing countries, the hydraulic industry is more developed.
The domestic hydraulic industry presents the trend of industrial cluster development, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang and other provinces have formed a rich regional characteristics of the hydrau lic industry cluster belt. The demand for hydraulic products is affected by the scale of regional infrastructure construction, mineral resources development, smelting and construction development projects, and the demand for hydraulic products is relatively large in areas with large scale of the above projects.
Industry Competition Pattern
From the perspective of global industry pattern, the international hydraulic industry market concentration is high, the top 6 to 7 major enterprises occupy 80% to 85% of the international hydraulic market market share, Germany, the United States, Japan hydraulic industry in the world to maintainthe lead. At present, the global highend hydraulic market is almost Bosch Rexlux, Parker Hannifin, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and a few other hydraulic production enterprises mono polized, in addition to the direct export through international trade to the Chinese market, in the domestic are set up wholly foreign-owned enterprises or joint ventures.
From the view of domestic industry pattern, Chinese local hydraulic enterprises generally small scale, low market concentration, production technology and in come scale compared with foreign enterprises still have a certain gap. According to statistics, at present, there are more than 1,000 domestic hydraulic enter prises, including more than 300 large-scale enterprises and more than 100 major enterprises. Although there is a big gap between domestic and foreign enter prises, after years of research and development and attempts, domestic high-quality hydraulic production enterprises have made technological breakthroughs, realized the mass production of high-end hydraulic parts, and are gradually breaking the monopoly pattern of foreign enterprises in the domestic market.
Relying on major national projects and key projects, major domestic enterprises in the hydraulic industry strengthen investment in technology research and development, transform from technology introduction to independent innovation, provide supporting equipment for the main host of national major equip ment, gradually change the domestic hydraulic enterprises lack of independent intellectual property rights, develop into a leading enterprise in various sub divisions, and gradually realize the localization of high-end hydraulic parts. From domestic market competition to foreign market competition. Chinese hydrau lic industry has maintained a deficit for many years, but with the gradual strengthening of hydraulic industry strength, hydraulic products basically achieve self-sufficiency, hydraulic industry imports continue to decline, exports continue to rise, dependence on overseas products gradually reduced.
Industry Development Trend
(1) The hydraulic system develops to the direction of electromechanical and hydraulic integration Electromechanical hydraulic integration can realize the flexibility and intelligence of the hydraulic system, give full play to the advantages of large hydraulic transmission output, small inertia, fast response, and the main development trend is as follows.
From the past electro-hydraulic open system and open loop proportional control system to closedloop proportional servo system, at the same time to pressure, flow, position, temperature, speed and other sensors to achieve standardization, and flow, pressure, temperature and oil pollution degree and other values will realize automatic measurement and diagnosis; Electronic direct control components such as high-frequency, low-power electromagnetic electronic control components and electronic hydraulic pumps, which are directly connected with computers, will be widely used.
With the help of fieldbus, high level information system can be realized, and the regulation and maintenance of hydraulic system can be simplified.
(2) Shift from technology introduction to independent innovation
Chinese hydraulic industry through many years of foreign advanced technology digestion, absorption and innovation, the industry overall technical level has improved greatly. In recent years, major enterprises in the industry have strengthened their research and development investment, transforming from techno logy introduction to independent innovation direction. Relying on national major projects and key projects, they have developed a number of products with independent intellectual property rights, providing a supporting set for the national major equipment host, gradually changing the situation that domestic hydraulic enterprises lack independent intellectual property rights.
(3) The application of new materials and new processes
The use of new materials such as ceramics, polymers or dressings will significantly expand the application prospects of hydraulic products. For example,rapid biodegradation of pressure fluids instead of mineral hydraulic fluids will achieve great environmental benefits. In the casting process, the performance of hydrau lic components can be greatly improved by improving the process, such as the casting flow channel process in the valve body and integrated block, which can optimize the internal structure of components, reduce pressure loss and reduce noise, and realize the miniaturization of components.
Industry Barriers
(1) Research and development and technical barriers
The manufacturing process of hydraulic system mainly includes product design, production and processing, debugging and testing three links.
Because different hosts and even different parts of the same host have different requirements for pressure, flow and direction control, hydraulic parts manufacturing enterprises often need to carry out personalized precision design with high matching degree according to the specific needs of customers. Its scope covers integration design, performance design, structural engineering design, appearance design and other parts. Therefore, the manufacture of hydraulic system is a multi-disciplinary complex technical operation with both technical engineering and structural design. In addition, with the continuous improvement of the degree of industrialization and the acceleration of the process of internationalization, hydraulic parts as the basic components of the hydraulic main engine, downstream customers on its performance, life, reliability, stability requirements are increasingly high.
Enterprises entering the hydraulic parts industry, especially high-end hydraulic parts industry, often need to be able to build a complete technology research and development platform and systematic and scientific product development process, and gradually accumulate more advanced research and development technology capabilities of hydraulic parts product design, production and processing, debugging and testing, so as to meet increasingly personalized customer needs and constantly changing and upgrading market. Get a foothold in the market. However, for new enterprises, it is difficult to have the above ability in a short time, so the level of research and development technology constitutes the barrier to entry of hydraulic parts industry.
(2) Technology, equipment and capital barriers
Production of hydraulic system enterprises, its equipment usually includes research and development equipment, design and development and production and processing equipment, testing equipment and instruments. Equipment configuration determines product quality, performance, servicelife, production capacity and production efficiency to a large extent, and also affects the profit level, profitability and market competitiveness of enterprises to a certain extent.
Therefore, new enterprises must invest a lot of money in the purchase of equipment in advance, in order to have a certain R & D design, production and processing and testing capabilities. For enterprises trying to enter the field of high-end hydraulic parts, high-end hydraulic parts have very high requirements for equipment, and hydraulic components have a relatively unique process and process methods, these processes and methods are often based on very rich manufacturing experience summed up. The process method needs to pay attention to the detailsare very much, the need to have rich experience of the manufacturer, the domestic equipment is still difficult to meet the requirements of high-end hydraulic parts for processing accuracy, imported foreign high-precision processing equipment is often restricted by foreign enterprises, therefore, the hydraulic parts industry has a high equipment and process barriers.In addition, hydraulic parts manufacturing has economies of scale, and to form a comparable production scale, enterprises need to invest a lot of capital. Therefore, the hydraulic parts industry has a higher capital barrier.
(3) Talent barrier
With the deep application of electronics and computer technology in the hydraulic industry, the technical innovation of hydraulic parts industry is getting faster and faster. The research and development and production of hydraulic parts not only involve mechanical design, hydraulic technology, electronic technology, control technology, microelectronics, computer integrated design, detection technology and manufacturing technology and other disciplines. In addition, the host machine has increasing requirements on the performance, life, reliability and stability of hydraulic parts, which requires that the hydraulic parts enterprises must set up a group of high- level interdisciplinary technical talents with deep professional background and rich practical experience, and have the compound professional knowledge structure and strong learning ability. It is difficult for new entrants to recruit or train high-level R&D personnel and production teams in a short period of time, so there are certain talent barriers in the hydraulic industry.
(4) Brand and market development barriers
Brand is the embodiment of the comprehensive strength of an enterprise, which needs to be gradually formed through long-term, continuous accumulation of product technology development and honest efforts in the market. Hydraulic parts as an important basic part to ensure the performance and quality of hydrau lic main engine, host customers are very careful to choose hydraulic parts cooperation enterprises, hydraulic parts enterprises with a good brand reputation in obtaining orders from the main engine factory, the establishment of long-term stable cooperation has a greater advantage. For new entrants, it is difficult to establish market reputation in the short term, so there are certain brand barriers in the hydraulic industry.
Industry-Related Risks
(1) Risk of talent shortage
Domestic hydraulic industry is still in the stage of upward breakthrough, enterprise scale, technical level compared with foreign manufacturers still have a gap. Factors such as treatment and working conditions in hydraulic machinery enterprises are not attractive enough for talents with high level and education. Especially, the rise of emerging industries such as information technology industry in recent years leads to the decline of talent attraction in the traditional machinery industry as a whole. In the future, it is faced with the risk of talent fault and shortage of high-level talents with high education.
(2) Raw material price fluctuation risk
The raw materials of hydraulic parts mainly include steel, castings and forgings. In the past two years, the price of steel has fluctuated, causing the price of raw materials such as castings and forgings to fluctuate accordingly, which affects the production cost of hydraulic products. If the steel price fluctuation range continues to change in the future, it will not be conducive to the production budget and cost control of the hydraulic parts company, and may have an adverse impact on the profitability and business performance of the industry in the short term.